Spanish Mapped

Spanish tenses and moods

Every tense, grouped by mood and by time. Open one for its forms of vivir, or pick another model verb.

  • In everyday use
  • Recognise, don't learn
  • No form in this mood

Names in parentheses are other names for the same tense. Many come from Andrés Bello (copretérito, antepresente, pospretérito and so on), which the Real Academia still lists beside its own.

The conditional is shown as its own mood, as most textbooks do; the Real Academia's current grammar counts it as a tense of the indicative. It sits in the future rows because it looks forward from a past or imagined moment. The Perfecto sits in the compound past row even though it connects to the present.

The dashed tenses are shown without a form because they survive mainly in legal and literary writing. Recognising Pretérito anterior, Futuro simple de subjuntivo and Futuro compuesto de subjuntivo is enough.

In Spain, vosotros is the informal plural “you” and ustedes the formal one. Every table shows both.